Analisis Sistem Jual Beli Tandan Sawit Perspektif Fiqh Muamalah di Desa Sukamukti, Kecamatan Mesuji, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir

Abstract

The practice of buying and selling fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of oil palm at the farmer level plays an important role in the rural economy. However, in practice, transaction mechanisms involving intermediaries such as cooperatives often create issues related to limited transparency, particularly in the weighing process, which is not directly observed by farmers. This condition potentially leads to ambiguity in the contract object and reflects the existence of information asymmetry in transactions. This study aims to analyze the practice of buying and selling fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of oil palm in Sukamukti Village, Mesuji District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency from the perspective of Islamic commercial jurisprudence (fiqh muamalah). The main issue lies in the lack of transparency in the weighing process, which is not directly observed by farmers, potentially leading to elements of gharar (uncertainty) in transactions. This research employs a qualitative field research approach using in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, analyzed through a descriptive-analytical method. The findings reveal that the transaction mechanism is conducted through a Village Unit Cooperative (KUD), which acts as an agent (wakalah) for farmers in distributing harvests. Formally, the practice fulfills the pillars and conditions of a valid sale; however, the clarity of the contract object is not fully achieved due to limited access to information in the weighing process. This condition potentially generates gharar, which is conditional and may be classified as minor (gharar yasir) if supported by a transparent system. Farmers’ consent in the transaction is rational and based on economic necessity due to limited access, distance, and high transportation costs. The novelty of this study lies in its empirical analysis of plantation-based transactions through cooperative mechanisms, with a specific focus on weighing as a critical element of the contract object and the reinterpretation of gharar in the context of information asymmetry, which has received limited attention in prior studies. This study contributes to the development of a more contextual fiqh muamalah framework in analyzing local economic practices.