Analysis Of Indonesian Muslim Intention To Give Digital Intellectual Property Rights For Productive Waqf
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Published:
Jul 26, 2025
Keywords:
Intellectual Property Rights, Theory of Planned Behaviour, Productive Waqf, Structural Equation Modelling
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the intention of Muslims to donate their digital intellectual property rights as part of productive waqf assets using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) model. The research employs Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and utilizes purposive sampling with primary data collected from a questionnaire distributed to selected respondents in 2022. The findings reveal that attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control significantly and positively influence the intention to donate digital intellectual property for productive waqf. Among these, attitude toward behavior emerges as the most dominant factor. This indicates the potential for digital intellectual property to be a viable waqf asset, offering new opportunities for waqf institutions in Indonesia. The study is limited to Muslim individuals in the Jakarta area, focusing on copyright as a transferrable digital asset under Indonesian waqf and copyright laws. This research contributes to Islamic economics and waqf management by applying TPB in a digital context and providing practical insights for developing digital-based waqf programs.
Article Details
How to Cite
Darfiti, R. G., Indra, I., & Possumah, B. T. (2025). Analysis Of Indonesian Muslim Intention To Give Digital Intellectual Property Rights For Productive Waqf. EKSISBANK (Ekonomi Syariah Dan Bisnis Perbankan), 8(2), 238-254. https://doi.org/10.37726/ee.v8i2.1520
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References
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Affandi, B. P. (2017). Analisis Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Sebagai Objek Wakaf Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Perekonomian di Indonesia. Al-Awqaf: Jurnal Wakaf Dan Ekonomi Islam, 10(2), 162–183.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Process, 50(2), 179–211.
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (2005). The Influence of Attitudes on Behavior. In D. Albarracín, B. T. Johnson, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.) (pp. 173–221). The handbook of attitudes.
Ali, S., Zani, R., & Kasim, K. (2014). Intention – behaviour relations : A conceptual and literature review. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5(19), 168–178.
Arif, M. I. A. M., & Hanapi, H. (2017). The Concept of Intellectual Property As Al Mal: An Islamic Perpective Approach. International Journal of Educational Best Practices, 1(1), 102–108.
Bakhri, A., & Srifariyati. (2017). Peran Wakaf Produktif Dalam Pemberdayaan Ekonomi. Jurnal Madaniyah, 1(12), 129–153.
Baqutayan, S. M., & Mahdzir, A. M. (2017). The psychology theories of waqf-giving behaviors. Journal of Economic and Social Thought, 4(4), 424–432.
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modelling. In Marcoulides G. A. (Ed.). Modern Methods for Business Research, 295(2), 295–336.
Chiou, J.-S. (1998). The Effects of Attitude , Subjective Norm , and Perceived Behavioral Control on Consumers ’ Purchase Intentions : The Moderating Effects of Product Knowledge and Attention to Social Comparison Information. Attitude, Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioral Control, 9(2), 298–308.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Cohen, J. (1992). A Power Primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159.
Diamantopoulos, A., Sarstedt, M., Fuchs, C., Wilczynski, P., & Kaiser, S. (2012). Guidelines for choosing between multi-item and single-item scales for construct measurement: A predictive validity perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3), 434–449.
Diamantopoulos, A., & Winklhofer, H. M. (2001). Index construction with formative indicators: An alternative to scale development. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(2), 269–277.
Fauzia, A., Rohayati, T., & Garadian, E. A. (2016). Fenomena Wakaf di Indonesia: Tantangan Menuju Wakaf Produktif. Badan Wakaf Indonesia.
Fikri, D. F., & Noor, A. (2012). Reformasi Hukum Wakaf Di Indonesia. Jurnal Al-Ahkam, 22(41), 43–60.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behaviour: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Fuadi, N. F. Z. (2013). Intensi Nasabah Bank Syariah untuk Berwakaf Uang di Badan Wakaf Indonesia (Studi Kasus Pada Bank Syariah Mandiri Jakarta Pusat). Universitas Indonesia.
Golsteijn, C., Van Den Hoven, E., Frohlich, D., & Sellen, A. (2012). Towards a more cherishable digital object. Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference, DIS ’12, 655–664.
Gudergan, S. P., Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Will, A. (2008). Confirmatory tetrad analysis in PLS path modeling. Journal of Business Research, 61(12), 1238–1249.
Habibah, S., Zuhdi, M. L., & Huda, N. (2019). Survei Wakaf Hak Kekayaan Intelektual. Al-Awqaf: Jurnal Wakaf Dan Ekonomi Islam, 12(2), 177–188.
Haikal, M. F. & Ismail, N. (2023). Analysis of the Influence of Knowledge About Intellectual Property Rights Waqf, Religion, and Mandate on Nadzir on Interests in Intellectual Property Rights Waqf in East Jakarta City. PJIEFAS: Postgraduated Journal of Islamic Economics, Finances and Accounting Studies, 2(2), 372-425.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106–121.
Harun, F. M. & Possumah, B. T. (2024). Waqf Based Sustaining Entrepreneurship: An Analytical Mechanism (Malaysia Example). TIJARAH: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Bisnis Syariah, 1(1), 64-76.
Harun, F. M., Possumah, B. T., Shafiai, M. H. B. M., & Noor, A. H. M. (2016). Issues and Economic Role of Waqf in Higher Education Institution: Malaysian Experience. Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah (Journal of Islamic Economics), 8(1), 149-168.
Hasbullah, N. A., Khairi, K. F., & Ab. Aziz, M. R. (2016). Intention To Contribute in Corporate Waqf: Applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour. UMRAN - International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies (EISSN: 2289-8204), 3(1), 39–48.
Iman, N., Santoso, A., & Kurniawan, E. (2020). Online based waqf management system in Indonesia: A new model in management of waqf administration. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 10(11), 164–180.
Kasdi, A. (2014). Model Pemberdayaan Wakaf Produktif Di Indonesia. Jurnal Ziswaf, 1(1), 108–122.
Khairunnisa, I. (2019). Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) Sebagai Objek Waqaf Dalam Hukum Islam. Iqtishaduna:Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 10(2), 161–172.
Kasri, R. A. & Chaerunnisa, S. R. (2022). The role of knowledge, trust, and religiosity in explaining the online cash waqf amongst Muslim millennials. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(6), 1334-1350.
Khan, J. I., & Lone, N. A. (2015). Intellectual Property Rights in Islam: A Perspective. SSRN Electronic Journal, 3(1), 153–162.
Knowles, S. R., Hyde, M. K., & White, K. M. (2012). Predictors of young people’s charitable intentions to donate money: An extended theory of planned behavior perspective. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(9), 2096–2110.
Krueger, N. F., & Carsrud, A. L. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 5(4), 315–330.
Lee, J., Cerreto, F. A., & Lee, J. (2010). Theory of Planned Behavior and Teachers’ Decisions Regarding Use of Educational Technology. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 13(1), 152–164.
Lim, Y. M., Yap, C. S., & Lee, T. H. (2011). Intention to Shop Online: A study of Malaysian Baby Boomers. African Journal of Business Management, 5(5), 1711–1717.
Lin, C.-H. S., & Chen, C.-F. (2011). Application of theory of planned behavior on the study of workplace dishonesty. 2010 International Conference on Economics, Business and Management, 2, 66–69.
Linden, S. van der. (2011). Charitable Intent: A Moral or Social Construct? A Revised Theory of Planned Behavior Model. Current Psychology, 30(4), 355–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-011-9122-1
Mahyarni. (2013). Sebuah Kajian Historis tentang Perilaku. Jurnal El-Riyasah, 4(1), 13–23.
Malkawi, B. (2013). Intellectual property protection from a Sharia perspective. Southern Cross University Law Review, 16, 87–121.
Muntaqo, F. (2015). Problematika Dan Prospek Wakaf Produktif Di Indonesia. Al-Ahkam, 1(25), 83.
Niswah, E. M. (2018). Problematika Yuridis Wakaf Hak Kekayaan Intelektual di Indonesia. Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi, 1(2), 123–138.
Nizar, M. A. (2016). Pengembangan wakaf produktif dan peranan sektor keuangan di Indonesia. In Pusat Kebijakan Sektor Keuangan (pp. 1–15).
Nurcholis, M. (2018). Keabsahan Wakaf Intellectual Property Right Dalam Undang-Undang Perwakafan Di Indonesia Menurut Hukum Islam. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 6(Juni), 107–118.
Osman, A. F. (2014). An Analysis of Cash Waqf Participation among Young Intellectual. Istanbul 9th International Academic Conference.
Osman, A. F., Mohammed, M. O., & Fadzil, A. (2016). Factor Influencing Cash Waqf Giving Behavior: a Revised Theory of Planned Behavior. Journal of Global Business and Social Entrepreneurship (GBSE), 1(2), 12–25.
Osman, A. F. & Mohammed, M. O. (2017). Measuring A Cash Waqf Giving Behavior Among Muslim Donor In Malaysia: A Theory of Planned Behavior Approach Using Structural Equation Modeling. The Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research, 14(2), 17-34.
Praja, C. B. E., Sulistyaningsih, P., Mulyadi, & Riswandi, B. A. (2019). Intellectual property rights as a WAQF asset: The way to change an old paradigm in Indonesia. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 6(1), 26–39.
Praja, C. B. E., Sulistyaningsih, P., Riswandi, B. A., & Mulyadi. (2020). Strengthening Waqf Institution To Develop Intellectual Property As a Waqf Asset. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(3), 610–617.
Raji, F., Tahir, M., Muhammad, S., & Omar, I. (2015). Intellectual Property an Asset for Awqaf. International Journal of Real Estate Studies, 9(1), 1–6.
Ratnasari, R. T., & Arifin, M. H. (2018). Theory of Planned Behavior in Intention to Pay Cash Waqf. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Islamic Economics, Business, and Philanthropy (ICIEBP 2017) - Transforming Islamic Economy and Societies (pp. 641–644). Science and Technology Publications, Lda.
Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., & Zimmermann, L. (2011). Customer satisfaction with commercial airlines: The role of perceived safety and purpose of travel. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(4), 459–472.
Sarstedt, M, & Wilczynski, P. (2009). More for less? A comparison of single-item and multi-item measures. Die Betriebswirtschaft, 69(2), 211–227.
Sarstedt, Marko, & Schloderer, M. P. (2010). Developing a measurement approach for reputation of non-profit organizations. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 15(3), 276–299.
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Cheah, J.-H., Ting, H., Moisescu, O. I., & Radomir, L. (2020). Structural model robustness checks in PLS-SEM. Tourism Economics, 26(4), 531-554.
Siregar, I. (2012). Pembaruan Hukum Perwakafan di Indonesia. Jurnal Tsaqafah, 8(2), 273–294.
Sulistyaningsih, P., Heniyatun, Praja, C. B. E., & Nurjaman, D. (2019). Pelaksanaan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Sebagai Objek Wakaf. Journal of Intellectual Property, 2(2), 14–22.
Teo, T., & Lee, C. B. (2010). Examining the efficacy of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to understand pre-service teachers’ intention to use technology. Curriculum, Technology & Transformation for an Unknown Future. Proceeding Ascilite Sydney 2010, 968–972.
Truong, Y. (2009). An Evaluation of the Theory of Planned Behaviour in Consumer Acceptance of Online Video and Television Services. The Electronic Journal Information System Evaluation, 12(2), 177–186.
Werner, P. (2004). Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior, in S.J. Peterson and T.S. Bredow (eds). In Middle range theories: Application to nursing research (pp. 125–147). Philadeliphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins.
Xiao, J. J., & Wu, J. (2006). Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to Retain Credit Counseling Clients. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Zulkarnaen, D., Mukhlisin, M. & Pramono, S. E. (2021). Can Blockchain Technology Improve Accountability and Transparency of Cash Waqf in Indonesia?. Journal of Economic Impact, 3(3), 158-166
Affandi, B. P. (2017). Analisis Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Sebagai Objek Wakaf Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Perekonomian di Indonesia. Al-Awqaf: Jurnal Wakaf Dan Ekonomi Islam, 10(2), 162–183.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Process, 50(2), 179–211.
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (2005). The Influence of Attitudes on Behavior. In D. Albarracín, B. T. Johnson, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.) (pp. 173–221). The handbook of attitudes.
Ali, S., Zani, R., & Kasim, K. (2014). Intention – behaviour relations : A conceptual and literature review. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5(19), 168–178.
Arif, M. I. A. M., & Hanapi, H. (2017). The Concept of Intellectual Property As Al Mal: An Islamic Perpective Approach. International Journal of Educational Best Practices, 1(1), 102–108.
Bakhri, A., & Srifariyati. (2017). Peran Wakaf Produktif Dalam Pemberdayaan Ekonomi. Jurnal Madaniyah, 1(12), 129–153.
Baqutayan, S. M., & Mahdzir, A. M. (2017). The psychology theories of waqf-giving behaviors. Journal of Economic and Social Thought, 4(4), 424–432.
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modelling. In Marcoulides G. A. (Ed.). Modern Methods for Business Research, 295(2), 295–336.
Chiou, J.-S. (1998). The Effects of Attitude , Subjective Norm , and Perceived Behavioral Control on Consumers ’ Purchase Intentions : The Moderating Effects of Product Knowledge and Attention to Social Comparison Information. Attitude, Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioral Control, 9(2), 298–308.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Cohen, J. (1992). A Power Primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159.
Diamantopoulos, A., Sarstedt, M., Fuchs, C., Wilczynski, P., & Kaiser, S. (2012). Guidelines for choosing between multi-item and single-item scales for construct measurement: A predictive validity perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3), 434–449.
Diamantopoulos, A., & Winklhofer, H. M. (2001). Index construction with formative indicators: An alternative to scale development. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(2), 269–277.
Fauzia, A., Rohayati, T., & Garadian, E. A. (2016). Fenomena Wakaf di Indonesia: Tantangan Menuju Wakaf Produktif. Badan Wakaf Indonesia.
Fikri, D. F., & Noor, A. (2012). Reformasi Hukum Wakaf Di Indonesia. Jurnal Al-Ahkam, 22(41), 43–60.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behaviour: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Fuadi, N. F. Z. (2013). Intensi Nasabah Bank Syariah untuk Berwakaf Uang di Badan Wakaf Indonesia (Studi Kasus Pada Bank Syariah Mandiri Jakarta Pusat). Universitas Indonesia.
Golsteijn, C., Van Den Hoven, E., Frohlich, D., & Sellen, A. (2012). Towards a more cherishable digital object. Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference, DIS ’12, 655–664.
Gudergan, S. P., Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Will, A. (2008). Confirmatory tetrad analysis in PLS path modeling. Journal of Business Research, 61(12), 1238–1249.
Habibah, S., Zuhdi, M. L., & Huda, N. (2019). Survei Wakaf Hak Kekayaan Intelektual. Al-Awqaf: Jurnal Wakaf Dan Ekonomi Islam, 12(2), 177–188.
Haikal, M. F. & Ismail, N. (2023). Analysis of the Influence of Knowledge About Intellectual Property Rights Waqf, Religion, and Mandate on Nadzir on Interests in Intellectual Property Rights Waqf in East Jakarta City. PJIEFAS: Postgraduated Journal of Islamic Economics, Finances and Accounting Studies, 2(2), 372-425.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106–121.
Harun, F. M. & Possumah, B. T. (2024). Waqf Based Sustaining Entrepreneurship: An Analytical Mechanism (Malaysia Example). TIJARAH: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Bisnis Syariah, 1(1), 64-76.
Harun, F. M., Possumah, B. T., Shafiai, M. H. B. M., & Noor, A. H. M. (2016). Issues and Economic Role of Waqf in Higher Education Institution: Malaysian Experience. Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah (Journal of Islamic Economics), 8(1), 149-168.
Hasbullah, N. A., Khairi, K. F., & Ab. Aziz, M. R. (2016). Intention To Contribute in Corporate Waqf: Applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour. UMRAN - International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies (EISSN: 2289-8204), 3(1), 39–48.
Iman, N., Santoso, A., & Kurniawan, E. (2020). Online based waqf management system in Indonesia: A new model in management of waqf administration. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 10(11), 164–180.
Kasdi, A. (2014). Model Pemberdayaan Wakaf Produktif Di Indonesia. Jurnal Ziswaf, 1(1), 108–122.
Khairunnisa, I. (2019). Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) Sebagai Objek Waqaf Dalam Hukum Islam. Iqtishaduna:Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 10(2), 161–172.
Kasri, R. A. & Chaerunnisa, S. R. (2022). The role of knowledge, trust, and religiosity in explaining the online cash waqf amongst Muslim millennials. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(6), 1334-1350.
Khan, J. I., & Lone, N. A. (2015). Intellectual Property Rights in Islam: A Perspective. SSRN Electronic Journal, 3(1), 153–162.
Knowles, S. R., Hyde, M. K., & White, K. M. (2012). Predictors of young people’s charitable intentions to donate money: An extended theory of planned behavior perspective. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(9), 2096–2110.
Krueger, N. F., & Carsrud, A. L. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 5(4), 315–330.
Lee, J., Cerreto, F. A., & Lee, J. (2010). Theory of Planned Behavior and Teachers’ Decisions Regarding Use of Educational Technology. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 13(1), 152–164.
Lim, Y. M., Yap, C. S., & Lee, T. H. (2011). Intention to Shop Online: A study of Malaysian Baby Boomers. African Journal of Business Management, 5(5), 1711–1717.
Lin, C.-H. S., & Chen, C.-F. (2011). Application of theory of planned behavior on the study of workplace dishonesty. 2010 International Conference on Economics, Business and Management, 2, 66–69.
Linden, S. van der. (2011). Charitable Intent: A Moral or Social Construct? A Revised Theory of Planned Behavior Model. Current Psychology, 30(4), 355–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-011-9122-1
Mahyarni. (2013). Sebuah Kajian Historis tentang Perilaku. Jurnal El-Riyasah, 4(1), 13–23.
Malkawi, B. (2013). Intellectual property protection from a Sharia perspective. Southern Cross University Law Review, 16, 87–121.
Muntaqo, F. (2015). Problematika Dan Prospek Wakaf Produktif Di Indonesia. Al-Ahkam, 1(25), 83.
Niswah, E. M. (2018). Problematika Yuridis Wakaf Hak Kekayaan Intelektual di Indonesia. Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi, 1(2), 123–138.
Nizar, M. A. (2016). Pengembangan wakaf produktif dan peranan sektor keuangan di Indonesia. In Pusat Kebijakan Sektor Keuangan (pp. 1–15).
Nurcholis, M. (2018). Keabsahan Wakaf Intellectual Property Right Dalam Undang-Undang Perwakafan Di Indonesia Menurut Hukum Islam. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 6(Juni), 107–118.
Osman, A. F. (2014). An Analysis of Cash Waqf Participation among Young Intellectual. Istanbul 9th International Academic Conference.
Osman, A. F., Mohammed, M. O., & Fadzil, A. (2016). Factor Influencing Cash Waqf Giving Behavior: a Revised Theory of Planned Behavior. Journal of Global Business and Social Entrepreneurship (GBSE), 1(2), 12–25.
Osman, A. F. & Mohammed, M. O. (2017). Measuring A Cash Waqf Giving Behavior Among Muslim Donor In Malaysia: A Theory of Planned Behavior Approach Using Structural Equation Modeling. The Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research, 14(2), 17-34.
Praja, C. B. E., Sulistyaningsih, P., Mulyadi, & Riswandi, B. A. (2019). Intellectual property rights as a WAQF asset: The way to change an old paradigm in Indonesia. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 6(1), 26–39.
Praja, C. B. E., Sulistyaningsih, P., Riswandi, B. A., & Mulyadi. (2020). Strengthening Waqf Institution To Develop Intellectual Property As a Waqf Asset. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(3), 610–617.
Raji, F., Tahir, M., Muhammad, S., & Omar, I. (2015). Intellectual Property an Asset for Awqaf. International Journal of Real Estate Studies, 9(1), 1–6.
Ratnasari, R. T., & Arifin, M. H. (2018). Theory of Planned Behavior in Intention to Pay Cash Waqf. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Islamic Economics, Business, and Philanthropy (ICIEBP 2017) - Transforming Islamic Economy and Societies (pp. 641–644). Science and Technology Publications, Lda.
Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., & Zimmermann, L. (2011). Customer satisfaction with commercial airlines: The role of perceived safety and purpose of travel. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(4), 459–472.
Sarstedt, M, & Wilczynski, P. (2009). More for less? A comparison of single-item and multi-item measures. Die Betriebswirtschaft, 69(2), 211–227.
Sarstedt, Marko, & Schloderer, M. P. (2010). Developing a measurement approach for reputation of non-profit organizations. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 15(3), 276–299.
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Cheah, J.-H., Ting, H., Moisescu, O. I., & Radomir, L. (2020). Structural model robustness checks in PLS-SEM. Tourism Economics, 26(4), 531-554.
Siregar, I. (2012). Pembaruan Hukum Perwakafan di Indonesia. Jurnal Tsaqafah, 8(2), 273–294.
Sulistyaningsih, P., Heniyatun, Praja, C. B. E., & Nurjaman, D. (2019). Pelaksanaan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Sebagai Objek Wakaf. Journal of Intellectual Property, 2(2), 14–22.
Teo, T., & Lee, C. B. (2010). Examining the efficacy of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to understand pre-service teachers’ intention to use technology. Curriculum, Technology & Transformation for an Unknown Future. Proceeding Ascilite Sydney 2010, 968–972.
Truong, Y. (2009). An Evaluation of the Theory of Planned Behaviour in Consumer Acceptance of Online Video and Television Services. The Electronic Journal Information System Evaluation, 12(2), 177–186.
Werner, P. (2004). Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior, in S.J. Peterson and T.S. Bredow (eds). In Middle range theories: Application to nursing research (pp. 125–147). Philadeliphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins.
Xiao, J. J., & Wu, J. (2006). Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to Retain Credit Counseling Clients. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Zulkarnaen, D., Mukhlisin, M. & Pramono, S. E. (2021). Can Blockchain Technology Improve Accountability and Transparency of Cash Waqf in Indonesia?. Journal of Economic Impact, 3(3), 158-166